Alana Baltzer finally had enough money to apply to college. And she could get the dental work done that she has always needed. She could even afford to see a therapist.
“I was shocked” that she was able to “actually live (that) month,” she said.
Baltzer was part of the Ontario government’s poverty-reduction pilot project in 2017 called “Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience.”
The program supplemented thousands of low-income residents who earned less than $34,000 annually with about $17,000 divided into monthly payments. People who qualified for Ontario Disability Support received an additional $500 a month.
The $150 million pilot project was expected to run for three years in Hamilton, Thunder Bay and Lindsay. A team of researchers and experts was to evaluate participants throughout that time.
But despite promises to keep the program going, it was scrapped a year early after Doug Ford’s Progressive Conservatives were elected in 2019.
“It brought me down, but it didn’t destroy me,” Baltzer said.
The additional income made Baltzer feel she was becoming a “better version” of herself. She bought healthier food like fruits, vegetables and vitamins rather than resorting to junk food because of its cheaper cost.
Although she felt depressed after the cancellation of the program, she took the experience she gained and put it toward finding new job opportunities.
Alana Baltzer was a participant on the Hamilton basic income pilot project and said it gave her the change in life she needed. Photo credit: Alana Baltzer/LinkedIn
Tom McDowell, who holds a doctorate in public policy, was part of a group of researchers who studied the program’s effects. They didn’t want information collected by the program to go to waste, as the pilot project was then the largest in the world, and the team created the report by talking to 217 people in the Hamilton area.
As a result, McDowell said the benefits were “integral” and went beyond participants having better long-term financial security.
“We found all kinds of people who were able to leave jobs in which they were being underpaid and poorly treated, to find new work or to simply take time off work to look for other opportunities that were consistent with their needs,” he said.
Participants reported having better mental and physical health, better social relationships and more housing security.
“Something as simple as giving people a little bit more money and income security enables them to do these kinds of things in their lives that many people probably take for granted,” McDowell said.
Kendal David, a PhD candidate at Carleton University who was also part of Hamilton’s research team, highlighted participants reported more social solidarity. They felt a better “sense of trust” in others, she said.
David said people felt like they had more time and empathy for the people around them.
Kendal David, PhD Candidate at Carleton University, worked on the research team for Hamilton's basic income pilot project. Photo credit: Kendal David/Basic Income Canada Youth Network
She said that before the program’s cancellation, people generally showed a greater sense of trust in democratic institutions and government.
“People who were on social assistance before the pilot and then basic income talked about how relieving it was to not have to bring their bank statements to a case worker every month,” she said.
To receive social assistance in Ontario, applicants are required to attend regularly scheduled interviews with a caseworker to monitor their search for employment and financial information. They need to keep any receipts related to expenses and income.
However, this was not required in the basic income program.
David said participants were treated differently when they didn’t have to show their social assistance insurance to pay for things.
“Our existing systems aren’t working effectively,” she said. “I think basic income is an alternative way of providing the care and support that people need with fewer restrictions and greater dignity.”
Tom Cooper, the director of Hamilton Roundtable for Poverty Reduction, said since the program was the largest of its kind, he had several different organizations calling from around the world to ask about the framework of the pilot project.
Tom Cooper, director of Hamilton Roundtable for Poverty, was on the expert evaluation team for Hamilton's basic income pilot project. Photo credit: Tom Cooper/LinkedIn
Other provinces in Canada are now taking the lead on implementing a basic income. Newfoundland and Labrador recently launched its program this month for people aged 60 to 64. Prince Edward Island has had one in place since 2021 that assists more than 600 people.
Canada’s first basic income pilot project took place in Manitoba in 1974 and set the original framework for Hamilton’s pilot.
“Having extra income allowed participants to dream about a new life for themselves,” Cooper said.
For participants like Baltzer, it made her believe that when people have adequate incomes, they can succeed to their full potential.
She said Canada should stop flirting with the idea of basic income and make it a reality.
“We can be a world leader in helping eradicate poverty,” she said.